U.S. housing statistics: rent, home values and costs
Housing costs become more informative when considered alongside household income. Gross rent includes utilities; the cost-burden measure asks what share of household income goes toward that expense.
How do housing costs relate to household income?
Tenure, units, vacancies, rent, home values and rent burden are integrated. HUD housing-needs and homelessness products remain source-discovery records.
| Measure | United States | Who is counted / uncertainty |
|---|---|---|
| Housing units 2020–2024 · housing units · B25001 · count | 143,775,355 ± 10,234 (90% MOE) | Housing units All housing units, occupied and vacant, within the source geography. |
| Owner-occupied households 2020–2024 · percent · B25003 · percentage | 65.2% Derived MOE not calculated | Occupied housing units Numerator: 84,210,142. Denominator: 129,227,496. |
| Vacant housing units 2020–2024 · percent · B25002 · percentage | 10.1% Derived MOE not calculated | Housing units Numerator: 14,547,859. Denominator: 143,775,355. |
| Median gross rent 2020–2024 · dollars per month · B25064 · median | $1,413 ± $2 (90% MOE) | Renter-occupied housing units paying cash rent Median monthly gross rent among renter-occupied housing units paying cash rent, in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars. |
| Median owner-occupied home value 2020–2024 · 2024 dollars · B25077 · median | $332,700 ± $236 (90% MOE) | Owner-occupied housing units Median reported value of owner-occupied housing units. |
| Rent burden: at least 30% of income 2020–2024 · percent · B25070 · percentage | 51.1% Derived MOE not calculated | Cash-rent households with a computable gross-rent-to-income ratio Numerator: 21,422,415. Denominator: 41,908,786. Not computed, excluded: 3,108,568 households. |
| Rent burden: at least 50% of income 2020–2024 · percent · B25070 · percentage | 25.9% Derived MOE not calculated | Cash-rent households with a computable gross-rent-to-income ratio Numerator: 10,852,194. Denominator: 41,908,786. Not computed, excluded: 3,108,568 households. |
Questions and related measures
- What share of renters spend at least 30% of income on rent? →
- How is housing units measured? →
- How is owner-occupied households measured? →
- How is vacant housing units measured? →
- How is median gross rent measured? →
- How is median owner-occupied home value measured? →
- How is rent burden: at least 30% of income measured? →
- How is rent burden: at least 50% of income measured? →
Dates, comparisons, and limits
Survey medians are not current listing prices. The rent-burden denominator excludes households whose ratio could not be computed. Vacant housing includes seasonal and other nonmarket categories.
National, state and county estimates come from the same selected ACS five-year product. A five-year estimate describes the entire 2020–2024 period. It is not an annual observation for 2024, and it should not be described as a current-month statistic. Direct source estimates retain their published margins of error.
For derived percentages, inspect the source counts and denominator. This release retains source component uncertainty but does not calculate a derived margin of error or test whether a difference is statistically meaningful. A descriptive difference does not establish cause or a policy effect.
Historical and geographic context
The annual resident population series uses a single PEP Vintage 2025 release. Other integrated measures use one ACS period; historical ACS trends have not been integrated. County boundaries do not stand in for cities, institution attendance areas or service regions. The coverage page identifies the geographic scope and unavailable products.