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U.S. state rankings: population, income and housing

Compare states on a specific measure, with the source, reference period and definition beside the results. Each table orders the 50 states by its exact point estimate. The District of Columbia and the United States appear separately as reference areas.

Population, income, housing and other state comparisons

Population rankings use July 1, 2025 estimates from Census Population Estimates Program Vintage 2025. Household and resident characteristics use the 2020–2024 American Community Survey five-year product. Publication dates and measurement periods differ: these survey rankings describe the entire five-year period, rather than conditions in 2026.

U.S. states ranked by population

Compare all 50 states by July 1, 2025 population. See exact estimates, national shares, the District of Columbia separately, and downloadable Census data.

California 39,355,309 Highest point estimate

Fastest-growing U.S. states, 2020–2025

Rank all 50 states by population growth from July 2020 to July 2025. Compare percentage growth with residents added using one Census estimate vintage.

Idaho 9.8% Highest point estimate

U.S. states ranked by median household income

Compare median household income across 50 states in 2024 dollars, using 2020–2024 ACS estimates. See margins of error, definitions and a complete CSV.

Massachusetts $103,960 Highest point estimate

U.S. states ranked by renter cost burden

See the share of cash-rent households spending at least 30% of income on gross rent in all 50 states. Includes denominator exclusions and severe-burden context.

Florida 60.1% Highest point estimate

U.S. states ranked by uninsured rate

Compare all 50 states by the share of residents without health insurance in the 2020–2024 ACS. See uninsured counts, the all-age universe and source limits.

Texas 17.1% Highest point estimate

U.S. states ranked by homeownership rate

Rank all 50 states by owner-occupied households as a share of occupied homes. See 2020–2024 Census estimates, renter shares, denominators and CSV data.

West Virginia 74.9% Highest point estimate

U.S. states ranked by broadband subscription rate

Compare household broadband subscription rates in all 50 states. Understand cellular service, subscriptions versus availability, ACS periods and data downloads.

Washington 93.6% Highest point estimate

U.S. states ranked by poverty rate

Compare poverty rates and people below the threshold across all 50 states. Includes the Census poverty universe, 2020–2024 survey period and complete data.

Louisiana 18.9% Highest point estimate

U.S. states ranked by working from home

Compare the share of workers who usually work from home in all 50 states. Uses 2020–2024 ACS commuting data with a worker denominator and clear limitations.

Colorado 21.0% Highest point estimate

How to read a state ranking

A numbered position describes an ordering of estimates, not proof of a statistically settled difference. Survey sampling uncertainty matters, particularly when neighboring values are close. Direct median income estimates include published margins of error. Derived percentages retain their source counts but do not have calculated margins of error in this release.

Higher does not always mean better: population is a size measure, rent burden describes costs relative to income, and broadband subscriptions describe a reported service rather than network performance. There is no combined state score. Use the subject-specific methods before drawing a conclusion.

All lists cover the 50 states. Washington, D.C. is a federal district and is shown outside numbered state positions. Puerto Rico and other territories are not included. Exact ties share a position; rounded labels can look identical even when underlying values differ.

Build a comparison around your question

The place comparison tool lets you select two to five compatible areas, including counties. The data explorer supplies denominators and source details for an individual area. The data blog develops comparisons that explain why a count, percentage and median can tell different stories.