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Texas population, income and housing data

Explore Texas with sourced population, income, housing, insurance, education and infrastructure statistics. Inspect dates, definitions and download the evidence.

State · Census identifier 48 · 2024 ACS geographic definitions. This profile covers the source-defined state or federal district; county equivalents use their own identifiers.

Texas population history, 2020–2025

Annual July 1 estimates, 2020–2025, from a single PEP Vintage 2025 release. This series can revise earlier estimates; it is separate from the five-year ACS measures below.

Texas resident population, July 1 · Vintage 2025 2020: 29237895; 2021: 29572672; 2022: 30118002; 2023: 30719247; 2024: 31318578; 2025: 31709821. U.S. Census Bureau. Snapshot apd-2026-10-01-r3. 0 33,295,312 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
U.S. Census Bureau · Population Estimates Program · people · annual estimates; no sampling MOE published.
Annual resident population estimates
July 1, 2020July 1, 2021July 1, 2022July 1, 2023July 1, 2024July 1, 2025
29,237,89529,572,67230,118,00230,719,24731,318,57831,709,821
Download history and snapshot (JSON)

Population, age and households

Texas: annual population and 2020–2024 survey context
Measure Texas United States Who is counted / uncertainty
Resident population July 1, 2025 · people · PEP · annual estimate 31,709,821 MOE not published 341,784,857 Resident population People whose usual residence is in the area on July 1, 2025.
Median age 2020–2024 · years · B01002 · median 35.6 ± 0.1 (90% MOE) 38.9 Total population The age dividing the total population into two equal groups.
Households 2020–2024 · households · B11001 · count 10,992,816 ± 15,813 (90% MOE) 129,227,496 Households Occupied housing units, including people living alone and unrelated people living together.
Average household size 2020–2024 · people per household · B25010 · mean 2.69 ± 0.01 (90% MOE) 2.53 Occupied housing units Average people per occupied housing unit, using the source household population.
Children under 18 2020–2024 · percent · B01001 · percentage 25.0% Derived MOE not calculated 22.0% Total population Numerator: 7,544,648. Denominator: 30,188,424.
Residents age 65 and older 2020–2024 · percent · B01001 · percentage 13.4% Derived MOE not calculated 17.2% Total population Numerator: 4,056,252. Denominator: 30,188,424.
Foreign-born residents 2020–2024 · percent · B05002 · percentage 17.6% Derived MOE not calculated 14.1% Total population Numerator: 5,302,466. Denominator: 30,188,424.

U.S. Census Bureau · Annual population estimates refer to July 1. ACS age, nativity and household estimates describe 2020–2024. The two products do not represent the same date or population universe.

Income, poverty and employment

Texas: 2020–2024 ACS five-year estimates
Measure Texas United States Who is counted / uncertainty
Median household income 2020–2024 · 2024 dollars · B19013 · median $78,476 ± $263 (90% MOE) $80,734 Households Median household income in the past 12 months, expressed in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars.
Per-capita income 2020–2024 · 2024 dollars · B19301 · mean $40,752 ± $159 (90% MOE) $44,673 Total population Total personal income divided by total population, expressed in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars.
People below the poverty threshold 2020–2024 · percent · B17001 · percentage 13.8% Derived MOE not calculated 12.5% Population for whom poverty status is determined Numerator: 4,074,940. Denominator: 29,554,954.
Children below the poverty threshold 2020–2024 · percent · B17001 · percentage 18.7% Derived MOE not calculated 16.1% People under age 18 for whom poverty status is determined Numerator: 1,391,226. Denominator: 7,456,419.
Unemployment among residents 2020–2024 · percent · B23025 · percentage 5.3% Derived MOE not calculated 5.2% Civilian labor force age 16 and older Numerator: 802,438. Denominator: 15,233,563.
Labor-force participation 2020–2024 · percent · B23025 · percentage 65.3% Derived MOE not calculated 63.5% Population 16 years and over Numerator: 15,354,652. Denominator: 23,528,174.

U.S. Census Bureau · ACS income is expressed in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars. ACS five-year unemployment is not a current monthly BLS release. Local prices are not adjusted, and medians cannot be combined.

Housing costs, homeownership and vacancies

Texas: 2020–2024 ACS five-year estimates
Measure Texas United States Who is counted / uncertainty
Housing units 2020–2024 · housing units · B25001 · count 12,128,515 ± 1,574 (90% MOE) 143,775,355 Housing units All housing units, occupied and vacant, within the source geography.
Owner-occupied households 2020–2024 · percent · B25003 · percentage 62.6% Derived MOE not calculated 65.2% Occupied housing units Numerator: 6,879,255. Denominator: 10,992,816.
Vacant housing units 2020–2024 · percent · B25002 · percentage 9.4% Derived MOE not calculated 10.1% Housing units Numerator: 1,135,699. Denominator: 12,128,515.
Median gross rent 2020–2024 · dollars per month · B25064 · median $1,403 ± $4 (90% MOE) $1,413 Renter-occupied housing units paying cash rent Median monthly gross rent among renter-occupied housing units paying cash rent, in 2024 inflation-adjusted dollars.
Median owner-occupied home value 2020–2024 · 2024 dollars · B25077 · median $283,800 ± $738 (90% MOE) $332,700 Owner-occupied housing units Median reported value of owner-occupied housing units.
Rent burden: at least 30% of income 2020–2024 · percent · B25070 · percentage 51.7% Derived MOE not calculated 51.1% Cash-rent households with a computable gross-rent-to-income ratio Numerator: 1,994,428. Denominator: 3,855,522. Not computed, excluded: 258,039 households.
Rent burden: at least 50% of income 2020–2024 · percent · B25070 · percentage 25.2% Derived MOE not calculated 25.9% Cash-rent households with a computable gross-rent-to-income ratio Numerator: 972,200. Denominator: 3,855,522. Not computed, excluded: 258,039 households.

U.S. Census Bureau · Survey medians are not current listing prices. The rent-burden denominator excludes households whose ratio could not be computed. Vacant housing includes seasonal and other nonmarket categories.

Health insurance coverage

Texas: 2020–2024 ACS five-year estimates
Measure Texas United States Who is counted / uncertainty
Residents without health insurance 2020–2024 · percent · B27001 · percentage 17.1% Derived MOE not calculated 8.4% Civilian noninstitutionalized population Numerator: 5,085,788. Denominator: 29,696,761.

U.S. Census Bureau · The integrated ACS measure covers the civilian noninstitutionalized population of all ages. It excludes active-duty military and institutionalized residents. Coverage does not measure personal health or local treatment capacity.

Educational attainment and school enrollment

Texas: 2020–2024 ACS five-year estimates
Measure Texas United States Who is counted / uncertainty
Bachelor’s degree or higher 2020–2024 · percent · B15003 · percentage 33.8% Derived MOE not calculated 35.7% Population 25 years and over Numerator: 6,669,107. Denominator: 19,717,474.
High school diploma or higher 2020–2024 · percent · B15003 · percentage 86.0% Derived MOE not calculated 89.6% Population 25 years and over Numerator: 16,951,277. Denominator: 19,717,474.
School enrollment 2020–2024 · percent · B14001 · percentage 27.1% Derived MOE not calculated 24.7% Population 3 years and over Numerator: 7,886,029. Denominator: 29,063,589.

U.S. Census Bureau · Attainment percentages use residents age 25 and older. Enrollment uses residents age 3 and older. These denominators cannot substitute for a school’s enrolled students or a graduating cohort.

Broadband, vehicles and commuting

Texas: 2020–2024 ACS five-year estimates
Measure Texas United States Who is counted / uncertainty
Households with broadband subscriptions 2020–2024 · percent · B28002 · percentage 91.4% Derived MOE not calculated 91.0% Households Numerator: 10,041,985. Denominator: 10,992,816.
Households with no vehicle available 2020–2024 · percent · B08201 · percentage 5.4% Derived MOE not calculated 8.4% Households Numerator: 598,470. Denominator: 10,992,816.
Workers who work from home 2020–2024 · percent · B08301 · percentage 14.4% Derived MOE not calculated 15.1% Workers 16 years and over Numerator: 2,051,250. Denominator: 14,280,889.
Workers commuting by public transportation 2020–2024 · percent · B08301 · percentage 0.9% Derived MOE not calculated 3.2% Workers 16 years and over Numerator: 125,840. Denominator: 14,280,889.
Workers driving alone 2020–2024 · percent · B08301 · percentage 71.4% Derived MOE not calculated 68.8% Workers 16 years and over Numerator: 10,200,815. Denominator: 14,280,889.

U.S. Census Bureau · Numeric coverage in this release is infrastructure and resident access. A broadband subscription can include cellular service. Commute measures describe usual work travel, not all trips, road traffic or emissions.

Inspect this profile

The table uses one frozen publication snapshot, apd-2026-10-01-r3. Values labeled unavailable retain a separate status; they are not zero. Direct ACS margins of error represent 90% confidence. Percentages are calculated from the indicated source counts; derived margins of error and significance tests are not supplied. Read the indicator definition before interpreting a difference.

Exact identifier
0400000US48
Source publication
ACS: January 29, 2026. PEP: January 27, 2026.
Source acquisition / snapshot publication
September 30, 2026 / October 1, 2026
Boundaries
ACS 2024 geographic definitions; PEP Vintage 2025. Identical identifiers are joined, without treating the two products as the same period.
Download profile (CSV) Observations and history (JSON) Original selected source cells (JSON) Compare with the United States

Counties and county equivalents in Texas

Each entry uses its own Census identifier and source-defined boundary. Connecticut entries are planning regions; Alaska, Louisiana, Virginia and other jurisdictions may use county equivalents.